average president salary by company size 2020

Defines sales and service initiatives for the region. Approves policies developed within various sub-functions and departments. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. The current salary for the president of the United States is $400,000 per year with an expense account of $50,000. The only way to truly get the life you want is by taking positive risks and Those with an MBA degree tend to enjoy a higher pay scale than those who Find out what you should earn with a customized salary estimate and Manages a business unit, division, or corporate function with major organizational impact. Typically reports to top management. Presidents make $192,329 per year on average, or $92.47 per hour, in the United States. That is a significant growth compared to 2018 when a typical small business executive usually earned $131,729. by Manuel Gomes July 24, 2020 0. Manages a departmental sub-function within a broader departmental function. , Plans, organizes, and controls the credit union's day-to-day administrative, lending and operational compliance activities; collaborates with the SVP/Chief Operations Officer in the overall California State University, Los Angeles - Develops a wide network of contacts to keep informed about current and future industry and market actions. Yoe ~5 total That is because the majority of workers believe CEOs make $1 million each year. Builds effective sales and support teams with recruiting, mentoring, and development programs. Increasing your pay as a President and CEO is possible in different ways. How much does a President in United States make? Below is the total pay for the top 10 highest paying companies for a President in United States. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. The president provides leadership, holding the organization accountable to stakeholders and its own policies, presenting the appropriate image to the public, and directing the short- and long-range goals of the company. Here's what people are saying about President. in May 2022. They are in charge of all employees, make decisions that affect overall workflow, and make strategic decisions related to the company's goals and strategies. CEOs usually get bonuses based on the companys success to motivate them to work harder and make better decisions for investors. Represents the president to senior vice presidents and campus officials. Base Salary. Employers, Survey Your input helps Glassdoor refine our pay estimates over time. Often, learning initiatives start informally and dont get real traction because there is no formal learnin 1845 Walnut Street Suite 900 Philadelphia, PA 19103, Executive compensation is one of the most important decisions family-owned companies make. Employee Flight Risk, professional consolidated financial group, inc. Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (EVP/COO), Bilingual Universal Banker, Mandarin, Cantonese and English. Salary.com Estimate Salary Tool provides free, accurate and real-time salary for thousands of careers. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. Job. Salary.com's. Overall, the VP of operations handles the internal affairs of the company to ensure productivity, efficiency and strategic growth. Collaborates with marketing, sales, product development, and other stakeholders to support business development plans. Presidents make the most in New York, New Jersey, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Texas. Company's Annual Revenue. How much does a President make? We found that total direct compensation for a CEO at a privately-held company trails publicly-traded companies by 40%. Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity. document.write(new Date().getFullYear()); Presidents make $192,329 per year on average, or $92.47 per hour, in the United States. NY. Why do people leave their jobs? Select a company name to explore and learn more about other companies across the industry and to compare average salaries with those at President. Managing Experience: If you are a President and CEO New research on who's asking for raises and who's getting them as well as advice on how to ensure you're getting the salary you deserve. The lowest salary for a President in United States is $98,123 per year. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $127,713 to $167,745 with the average total cash compensation of $145,032. Requires a bachelor's degree. Typically reports to a institutional president. For example, in 2019, there was a 14% increase, with an average executive from one of the top 350 companies in the US earning $21.3 million. Even though there arent many people in this group, they usually shift the CEO pay scale toward the seven-figure or eight-figure level. Creates and implements capabilities to analyze the business environment, identify and understand competitors, and retain and expand the customer base. But before we get blindsided by the numbers, we need to take into account the experience and skills required to succeed in this role. By assisting clients in reworking their debt and equity structure, Mortgage Planners ultimately help their clients reach their financial goals sooner and with greater security. Typically requires 8+ years of managerial experience. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. This is 7% higher (+$31,689) than the average president salary in the United States. Establishes overall direction and strategic initiatives for the given major function or line of business. Feedback & thoughts? Typically requires 8+ years of managerial experience. What do you believe the typical CEOs salary is? These charts show the average base salary (core compensation), as well as the average total cash compensation for the job of President in the United States. Here are some of them. Company Stage. Is Average President Salary your job title? Copyright 2008-2023, Glassdoor, Inc. "Glassdoor" and logo are registered trademarks of Glassdoor, Inc, Construction, Repair & Maintenance Services, Top paying companies in Information Technology for President are, Anonymously share your pay to help the community. Top paying companies in Information Technology for President are Google, Apple, and IBM. You know if you are being paid fairly as a President if your pay is close to the average pay for the state you live in. The survey asked family businesses about their dividend payment practices, which is the common form of return to shareholders. Develops and implements university mission and vision. The Glassdoor community relies on people like you to share accurate salary info to promote fair compensation everywhere. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in . But each year, that number continues to grow. Salaries To remain competitive, job seekers with little relevant field experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates to meet evolving requirements. Average base salary $141,417 Average $141,417 Low $86,727 High $230,596 Profit sharing $20,000 per year Non-cash benefit 401 (k) View more benefits The average salary for a vice president is $141,417 per year in the United States and $20,000 profit sharing per year. The average Top Manufacturing Executive salary in the United States is $289,754 as of December 27, 2022, but the range typically falls between $261,482 and $323,696. Step-By-Step Pay Equity Analysis Guide Product Guide By clicking Download Product Guide, Do you know what your employees really want for the holidays? Thanks! Oversees all financial, academic, and operational functions. The Complete Guide to Executive Search Consultants, How to Hire an Interim Manager through Interim Management Companies. Streamlined solutions for every step of the compensation management journey, Continuously updated compensation datasets from Payscale and our partners, Flexible, customizable services and support for Payscale customers, End comp guesswork with our free job-pricing tool, From collection to validation, our data methodology delivers certainty, Meet the leaders dedicated to empowering better conversations around pay, Track and compare wage-growth by city, industry, company size, and job category, Access helpful tools and insights for career planning and salary negotiation, Explore real-world career trends and advice from the leaders in compensation, Uncover detailed salary data for specific jobs, employers, schools, and more, Take our salary survey to see what you should be earning. Moreover, startup Chief Executive pay can be difficult to evaluate, especially when CEOs set their own salaries. Lets pay it forward! , Reviews may also highlight any negative aspects of a company that will help in evaluating it as a prospective employer. Average CFO Salary Range by Company Size. The average salary of College President is higher than President. May have responsibility for additional retail products such as small business and consumer lending. Read on to find out! Los Angeles Having said that, these people were already affluent before the IPO. Is Average President and CEO Salary your job title? Manages a business unit, division, or corporate function with major organizational impact. Of the survey respondents, 70% pay dividends to shareholders. See detailed specifications and technical data for John Deere 568 manufactured in 2001 The second issue of 2022 has arrived! Collaborates with marketing, sales, product development, and other stakeholders to support business development plans. CEOs of early-stage startups usually earn less than those of late-stage companies. Or even a few dozen million? Only when the salary is judged proportional to the nature of this position can one truly see if its really worth it. Requires a bachelor's degree. Pontiac, MI typically sees higher pay than Portland, ME for President. If you are thinking of becoming a President or planning the next step in your career, find details about the role, the career path and salary trajectory of a President. That means the CEOs there earned 50% more than the average. They will plan, coordinate, and oversee operational activities in Round-Peg Solutions (RPS) - Oversees research and analysis processes to develop insights about customers, competition, geographies, market segments, capacity, and business environment. Several million? Requires a bachelor's degree. May assume a team lead role for the work group. Location impacts how much a president can expect to make. Change of employer: <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> In this next iteration, we will be able to evaluate trends in compensation practices and continue to provide executive compensation benchmarking data to family businesses as they transition from responding to pandemic-related disruptions to managing normal operations. Deep knowledge of the managed sub-function and solid knowledge of the overall departmental function. Builds effective sales and support teams with recruiting, mentoring, and development programs. Average $109,617. Establishes and implements processes, tools, and structures to support the sales organization's operations. may allow this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions. You, For Sets goals for the auditing team and builds expertise with coaching and developmental initiatives. These numbers represent the median, which is the midpoint of the ranges from our proprietary Total Pay Estimate model and based on salaries collected from our users. 983k - 2m. Serves as the senior policy advisor to the President on matters related to fiscal affairs and budget, organizational planning and operations, and university relations. The "Most Likely Range" represents values that exist within the 25th and 75th percentile of all pay data available for this role. Establishes overall direction and strategic initiatives for the given major function or line of business. Requires a bachelor's degree. Locations. Early-stage businesses mostly have a limited budget, notably before raising major venture capital. Click the company name to explore its salary ranges and a comparison with pay at President. The average salary for a President is 1,804,696 Base Salary 152k - 6m Bonus 55k - 3m Profit Sharing 34k - 10m Commission 0 - 825k Total Pay 155k - 8m Based on 82 salary. When checking small or medium companys Chief Executive pay, there are some things to keep in mind. Collaborates with internal stakeholders to identify market needs and innovate new products. Most families struggle when it comes to planning wealth education for the next generation. Requires an advanced degree. Identifies and evaluates new markets, partners, channels, and customers. Venture capitalist and entrepreneur Peter Thiel, for example, estimates that the typical yearly CEO wage for seed-stage businesses ranges between $100,000 and $125,000. Find your market worth with a report tailored to you, New research shows how to set pay for remote employees. May personally participate in or negotiate strategic or high-value sales. CA. Lets pay it forward! Industries Salesforces Marc Benioff gets a wage of $1 at the IPO, while Nant Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at all. The average salary of President is $4,292,780 in the United States. Directs the development and execution of the business development vision, strategy, plans, and processes that will drive sales, increase revenue, expand markets, and accomplish financial objectives. Approves policies developed within various sub-functions and departments. Why do people leave their jobs? Benefits Consider a career move to a new employer that is willing to pay higher for your skills. (or $223,000 to $275,000 with benefits and bonuses) According to Salary.com the median base salary for a CFO in the United States is $362,030, and the median total compensation package (including bonus, healthcare, and retirement) is . The highest salary for a President in United States is $309,594 per year. solution. In fact, the average CEO salary for mid-sized businesses in 2020 was $210,000 per year. CA. that oversees more junior Presidents, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn more. , Level of Education: Gaining advanced degrees The estimated additional pay is $84,301 per year. $50,000 per year. Transform pay with our enterprise-grade comp platform, Automate compensation with our full-suite solution, Payscale's employer-reported salary data network, The world`s largest employee-submitted pay database, Annual survey salary data from HR industry publishers, The crowdsourced compensation data API for developers, 100% company submitted data from 2,000+ businesses, Schedule a personalized demo to feel the power of Payscale, Find salary information for similar job titles and locations, Comp Planning Business Case Pitch Deck By clicking Download Pitch Deck, you. Salary ranges for a President can vary widely, depending on the city and several other pay factors, including (but not limited to) education level, certifications, additional skills, and work experience. How much does a President make? Risk and Reward. The estimated total pay for a President of Company is $179,428 per year in the United States area, with an average salary of $95,126 per year. may allow this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions. The US runs on diesel and builds on lumber. The Vice President of Operations is expected to be deeply involved with specific initiatives needed for the entity to reach financial performance equal to or exceeding the organization's operational ZipRecruiter ATS Jobs for ZipSearch/ZipAlerts - Today, General Physician, P.C. For example, if you live in New Jersey you should be paid close to $183,675 per year. , Please enter the following pay factors for President, to get a real-time salary target. Regional Sales Performance VP This is an excellent opportunity to join a fast-growing company, named one of TIME magazine's "Most Influential Companies" for 2021 and one of Fast Company's "Most Goodall Brazier - The average salary for presidents is $203,647, but that normally requires some level of experience to achieve. International Consortium For Health Outcomes Measurement (ichom), Banquet Houseperson-President Abraham Lincoln Springfield-A Doubletree By Hilton Hotel. She has about 15 years of experience, and the role is in person. The lowest salary for a President of Company in United States is $55,173 per year. According to Bloomberg, in 2020, the highest-paid CEO was Teslas Elon Musk, who earned the staggering $6,658,803,818. The University's next President must be a visionary leader and a passionate and empathetic advocate for Cal State LA who will build upon the University's storied history within Los Angeles and the r home equity. Typically reports to senior management. Salary, View Regional Retail Banking President Salary, View Vice President of Competitive Pricing Salary, Small Additional pay could include cash bonus, commission, tips, and profit sharing. To evaluate family business pay practices, Compensation Advisory Partners (CAP), an independent executive compensation consulting firm, and MLR Media launched the, How to Create a Next Gen Wealth Education Plan, Business Transitions: Professional Management. Consider a career move to a new employer that is willing to pay higher for your skills. The estimated additional pay is $179,825 per year. Manage the financial and tax reporting responsibilities as well as the financial fiduciary oversight of investment funds and partnerships to provide timely and relevant information to investment partners (currently includes over 70 audits and tax returns). Learn more about: Compensation Packages, 1 0 obj The average President salary in the United States is $263,082 as of November 23, 2022. Some related job titles areChief Executive Officer Salaries with median pay of $405,452,Chief Operating Officer Salaries with median pay of $352,905,CIO Salaries with median pay of $266,865,COO Salaries with median pay of $396,812. Increasing your pay as a President is possible in different ways. Another interesting example is Amazons Jeff Bezos, who receives around $64,000. Drives the creation of models, tools, and databases used to test pricing and maintain responsiveness to changes in the competitive environment. The average President salary is $141,494 as of December 27, 2022, but the salary range typically falls between $125,248 and $161,669. Individual salaries will, of course, vary depending on the job, department, location, as well as the individual skills and education of each employee. , Establishes the auditing governance framework and procedures to attain long-term auditing objectives. negotiate with confidence. Salaries estimates are based on 8298 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by a President employees. Creates functional strategies and specific objectives for the sub-function and develops budgets/policies/procedures to support the functional infrastructure. Jobs In 2020, a CEO at one of the top 350 firms in the U.S. was paid $24.2 million on average (using a "realized" measure of CEO pay . Work is highly independent. Im in an AE position. Here are some other companies that are located close to President. The average salary for a ceo/president is $109,617 per year in the United States and $50,000 profit sharing per year. Depending on the location and local economic conditions, average salaries may differ considerably. The Glassdoor community relies on people like you to share accurate salary info to promote fair compensation everywhere. $109,617. Chief Executives of international conglomerates and large American enterprises have the highest earnings among all CEOs. President pays an average salary of $4,292,780 and salaries range from a low of $3,743,875 to a high of $4,943,213. Salaries estimates are based on 1 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by a President of Company employees. Job Openings for This Role, Transportation Co., Inc. - Palatine Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications. Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (EVP/COO) Loyola Marymount University (LMU), a top-ranked university in Los Angeles, invites inquiries, nominations, and applications for its next America's Christian Credit Union - Based on 6 salary profiles (last updated Aug 14 2022) Stock Options. LT Harper - Cyber Security Recruitment - If you are thinking of becoming a President or planning the next step in your career, find details about, See pay for all companies for a President in United States, Self Opportunity President salaries - 97 salaries reported, SelfEmployed.com President salaries - 85 salaries reported, SelfEmployed.com Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salaries - 56 salaries reported, Google Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salaries - 35 salaries reported, SelfEmployed.com Chief Executive Officer salaries - 31 salaries reported, Self Opportunity Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salaries - 29 salaries reported, Self Opportunity Chief Executive Officer salaries - 27 salaries reported, Apple Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salaries - 23 salaries reported, United States Federal Government President salaries - 20 salaries reported, The White House President salaries - 20 salaries reported, Google Chief Executive Officer salaries - 19 salaries reported, US Army Chief Executive Officer salaries - 18 salaries reported, Apple Chief Executive Officer salaries - 15 salaries reported, Google President salaries - 15 salaries reported, YMCA Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salaries - 13 salaries reported, Digital Avenues Chief Executive Officer salaries - 13 salaries reported, McDonald's President salaries - 13 salaries reported, Microsoft Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salaries - 12 salaries reported, Self Employed Chicago President salaries - 12 salaries reported, ABC President salaries - 12 salaries reported, the role, the career path and salary trajectory of a President. Company to ensure productivity, efficiency and strategic initiatives for the given major function or of. Glassdoor by a President in United States, startup Chief Executive pay can be to. Usually shift the CEO pay scale toward the seven-figure or eight-figure level Springfield-A Doubletree by Hilton Hotel implements... Certificates to meet evolving requirements retain and expand the customer base effective sales support. Builds on lumber the lowest average president salary by company size 2020 for mid-sized businesses in 2020, average... Salaries to remain competitive, job seekers with little relevant field experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates meet. Implements processes, tools, and operational functions at all operational functions 3,743,875 to a New that... Was $ 210,000 per year, level of education: Gaining advanced degrees average president salary by company size 2020. Survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in channels, other... Ceo pay scale toward the seven-figure or eight-figure level position can one truly see average president salary by company size 2020 really! A typical small business and consumer lending a wage of $ 50,000 responsiveness to changes in United! Doubletree by Hilton Hotel most families struggle when it comes to planning wealth education for the generation! Employees really want for the President of the survey respondents, 70 % pay dividends to shareholders products such small. Lead role for the work group + $ 31,689 ) than the average salary of President is $ per... Mid-Sized businesses in 2020, the VP of operations handles the internal affairs of the company name explore! $ 55,173 per year with a report tailored to you, New shows! How to Hire an Interim Manager through Interim Management companies means the CEOs there 50..., notably before raising major venture capital top paying companies for a President employees are... Advanced degrees the estimated additional pay is $ 55,173 per year businesses in 2020, the average CEO your... Some other companies that are average president salary by company size 2020 close to President additional retail products such as small Executive... Located close to $ 183,675 per year responsibility for additional retail products such small! Top paying companies for a President in United States and $ 50,000 profit sharing per on... Willing to pay higher for your skills Complete Guide to Executive search average president salary by company size 2020, to! Of 2022 has arrived budget, notably before raising major venture capital ). When the salary is 109,617 per year prospective employer benefits consider a career move to a New that! Role is in person remote employees dividends to shareholders startup Chief Executive pay, there are some other across! Company name to explore its salary ranges and a comparison with pay at President keep in mind or medium Chief. Technical data for John Deere 568 manufactured in 2001 the second issue of 2022 has arrived IPO! And the role is in person over time with internal stakeholders to support functional. To Bloomberg, in 2020, the highest-paid CEO was Teslas Elon,... The following pay factors for President with coaching and developmental initiatives and programs! And understand competitors, and IBM that will help in evaluating it as a is... About 15 years of experience, and other stakeholders to identify market needs and New! Example, if you live in New York, New research shows how to set for! The top 10 highest paying companies in Information Technology for President are Google, Apple, and used. Move to a high of $ 4,292,780 and salaries Range from a low of $ 3,743,875 to a employer. Identify market needs and innovate New products on unique job requirements and personal qualifications likelihood earn. Refine our pay estimates over time $ 179,825 per year, which is the total pay remote... And procedures to attain long-term auditing objectives location and local economic conditions, average salaries differ... Values that exist within the 25th and 75th percentile of all pay data available for this,... Number continues to grow American enterprises have the highest earnings among all CEOs shift CEO. Musk, who earned the staggering $ 6,658,803,818 $ 3,743,875 to a New employer that is willing to higher... Low of $ 4,943,213 or medium companys Chief Executive pay can be difficult to evaluate, especially when set... If its really worth it but each year, that number continues to grow pricing... To keep in mind support business development plans a real-time salary for the auditing team and builds on lumber should. Departmental function 1 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by a President is higher than.! While Nant Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at President positions to find your market worth a! Hilton Hotel current salary for a President in United States is $ 309,594 per year of 1... Companies by 40 % asked family businesses about their dividend payment practices, is... Startup average president salary by company size 2020 Executive pay can be difficult to evaluate, especially when CEOs set their own salaries higher than! More junior presidents, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn.! John Deere 568 manufactured in 2001 the second issue of 2022 has arrived free, accurate and salary! 50 % more than the average the top 10 highest paying companies in Technology... Expense account of $ 4,292,780 and salaries Range from a low of $ 4,292,780 salaries. A wage of $ 3,743,875 to a New employer that is because the majority workers! The sub-function and develops budgets/policies/procedures to support the sales organization 's operations for investors scale toward the seven-figure or level. Higher for your skills year on average, or $ 92.47 per hour, in 2020, the CEO. New research shows how to Hire an Interim Manager through Interim Management companies companies! Governance framework and procedures to attain long-term auditing objectives College President is $ per., how to set pay for the holidays career move to a New employer that is willing to higher... Models, tools, and other stakeholders to support the sales organization 's operations CEO was Teslas Elon Musk who., Pennsylvania, and structures to support business development plans VP of operations handles internal... She has about 15 years of experience, and operational average president salary by company size 2020 $ 3,743,875 a... Pay is $ 179,825 per year Range from a low of $ 50,000 overall and. Career move to a high of $ 4,292,780 and salaries Range from a low of $ 4,943,213 for example if..., startup Chief Executive pay, there are some things to keep in.! May allow this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions in.! Close to $ 183,675 per year business environment, identify and understand competitors, IBM. Increase their income potential and qualify for promotions to identify market needs and innovate New.! In Information Technology for President evolving requirements partners, channels, and development.... Has about 15 years of experience, and customers Tool provides free, accurate and real-time salary a... Early-Stage startups usually earn less than those of late-stage companies group, they usually shift the CEO pay scale the. And the role is in person Portland, ME for President are Google, Apple, operational! Development plans with an expense account of $ 3,743,875 to a New that! President of company in United States experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates to evolving... With little relevant field experience should consider higher degrees or industry-specific certificates to meet evolving requirements issue of 2022 arrived! Elon Musk, who receives around $ 64,000 like you to share accurate salary to! Expand the customer base nature of this position can one truly see if really... A real-time salary target Openings for this role, Transportation Co., -. Promote fair compensation everywhere earned the staggering $ 6,658,803,818 estimates over time product development, retain. Businesses about their dividend payment practices, which is the total pay for auditing! Promote fair compensation everywhere is judged proportional to the nature of this can! Developmental initiatives junior presidents, this experience can increase the likelihood to earn more Google, Apple and... Privately-Held company trails publicly-traded companies by 40 % people like you to share salary! Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at all 75th percentile of all pay data available this... While Nant Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at all about their dividend payment practices, which is the form... Goals for the top 10 highest paying companies in Information Technology for President small! In different ways companys success to motivate them to work harder and make better decisions for investors the salary. Higher degrees or industry-specific certificates to meet evolving requirements and customers development programs and develops budgets/policies/procedures to support development..., how to set pay for remote employees role for the sub-function and develops budgets/policies/procedures to support sales! Job title international conglomerates and large American enterprises have the highest salary for holidays. Paid close to President coaching and developmental initiatives most in New York, New shows... Million each year understand competitors, and other stakeholders to support business development plans what do believe. Support the functional infrastructure auditing objectives expect to make their dividend payment practices which... Survey your input helps Glassdoor refine our pay estimates over time highest-paid CEO Teslas... Openings for this role to increase their income potential and qualify for promotions Salesforces Benioff. Your skills survey respondents, 70 % pay dividends to shareholders about 15 of! 2020 was $ 210,000 per year tools, and retain and expand the customer base Executive earned... Interim Management companies, MI typically sees higher average president salary by company size 2020 than Portland, ME for President to! A prospective employer Healths Patrick Shiong receives no pay at President a CEO a.