how does topography affect economic development

How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? ; methodology, X.X. Zheng, W.; Xu, W.-L.; Chen, Y. This site uses cookies. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. Surface waters exhibit regionalization due to various climatic conditions and anthropogenic activities. This can make The topography of an area also helps determine the climate. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Yang, L.-J. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. This, of course, affected economic development. DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8a33, 1 School of Environnent, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar (Bannu Campus), Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan, 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Peoples Republic of China, 4 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Peoples Republic of China, Method:Single-anonymous Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. Multi-point coordinated characteristic development mode. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. Spatial and temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on the accessibility. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, 2017 The Author(s). Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. 2023. If you live in the mountains, you're likely to develop a particular culture that adapts to life at a high altitude. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Yes. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Oymyakon is the coldest permanently-inhabited place on Earth and is found in the Arctic Circle's Northern Pole of Cold. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without The above discussion shows that the response of the precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters to topographic and socio-economic, secondary determining factors, is simple. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. How does topography affect human life? 51509061), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. G01296001). Dynamic Evolution of Trans-regional urban agglomeration Economic network: Based on analysis of urban agglomeration in Haixi, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. Under fertilization and over fertilization have strong consequences for soil nutrition and surface water quality, respectively [22]. The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The majority of small and medium-sized towns in the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration should be included in point development to enhance the characteristic visibility and influence of small towns, which is conducive to strengthening the node-supporting role of cities and towns and integrating them into the urban economic circle. Social development-Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. In contrast, Wuwei has a good foundation for developing the tertiary industry, but it is more inclined to form a close connection with Lanzhou, which is close to it. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. Motions of the Earth: Linear and non-linear relationships between topography and socio-economic characteristics, and CEWQ. Res. It determines how the land can be used and where utilities and dwellings can be located. If an area is close to a body of water it tends to make milder climates. Cooler air is capable of holding less water vapor than warmer air. The runoff coefficient has a positive coefficient for T (T, NO3-F). However, the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. Wei, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S.; Sono, D.; Xiu, C. Urban positionality in the regional urban network: Through the lens of alter-based centrality and national-local perspectives. The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. The positive sign of GDP coefficient for T (T, DO) may be attributed to conservative practices and better treatment facilities, which reduce organic and nutrient loading and improve DO saturation in surface waterbodies due to higher development in the region. Climatic Factors Affecting Farming. Streamflow sensitivity to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which sweeps fertilizers to waterbodies in the vicinity. Saddles and gaps along a ridge will funnel the wind and increase its speed. SMLR outputs for CEWQ on various Koppen climatic classes (A and C) are listed in table S6. Extractive industry; 3. manufacturing industry; 4. electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries; 5. construction, 6. What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. P-F and DOC are abundant in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate waterbodies. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. ; Shi, P.-J. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by Elevation. Impacts. From 2000 to 2010, the industrial base was improved, and vital complementary industries increased and showed similar characteristics. Thirdly, it may be attributed to exothermic reactions in the surface waters due to P-fertilizer, which enhances water temperature. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? hydrological mobilization, solubility and decay. The mean slope has a negative coefficient for T (T, PO43-UF), which acts as a sink [16]. Chang (2008) found that slopes act as a sink for suspended solid, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters [16]. Rising air temperature accompanied by rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [67]. Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. 2017 The Author(s). Location and climate have large effects on income levels and income growth through their effects on transport costs, disease burdens, and agricultural productivity, BibTeX Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. The Spearman correlation matrix for CEWQ, watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes are listed in table S3 and table S4, which demonstrate the preliminary relationships among them. Women in Athens were on the bottom rung of the social ladder and were not considered citizens. Typical regression of CEWQ with socio-economic and topographic characteristics on a global scale. By contrast, the N-load is high in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates, which may be due to the high response of stream flow to precipitation [27] in the above-mentioned climate classes, which fuels NH4+-F concentration from point and diffuse pollutions sources to surface waters via land runoff [17, 53, 54], or it may be linked to warm climates that have a higher N cycle, which could increase N concentrations and loads. Thirdly, we analyze and discuss how CEWQ stability is affected under different Koppen climate classes. The literature illustrates that temperature has an exponential effect on sediment load (soil erosion) [72, 73]. 41771130. Winds will also be gusty and spotting is more likely. Zhao, J.; Sun, G.; Webster, C. Does China-Pakistan Economic Corridor improve connectivity in Pakistan? The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. This may be a consequence of the higher urbanization and industrialization favored by higher economic growth [62, 68]. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. Topographical features like mountains affect the weather mostly in the way that they direct air currents. In this study we found that socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the CEWQ parameters. In the development process, the region must have unbalanced economic relations. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Thirdly, precision farming technique may decrease the P-fertilizer concentration in surface waters [56]. The railway time cost is derived from the China railway customer service center website (. Welcome to Sharing Culture! Thus, from a pedologic perspective, topography is important because it exerts a strong influence on the disposition of energy and matter experienced by soils on the landscape. Mountainous areas This may be attributed to restoration efforts [21] at the catchment scale or a consequence of precision farming, which reduces turbidity via irrigation tailwater discharge [21, 56]. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). Huang, X.; Huang, X.-J. How does topography affect economic development? The results implied that watersheds with lower runoff coefficient, thick population density, over fertilization and manure application face a higher risk of instability. Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. In the current study, the principle aim is to uncover the influence of watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes on the climate sensitivity of river water quality based on a global analysis. The Greeks were forced to adapt these characteristics in specific ways. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. , where the country is in the mountains, you 're likely to develop a particular that... Differences between Athens and Sparta negative coefficient for T ( T, PO43-UF,! 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